Fireworks EPA monitor flag
Daily PM2.5 peaked at 82.1 µg/m³ near Indianapolis across 4 covered metros home to 6.7 million people. 3 metros placed a top-ten day in their record.
Counting the extra PM2.5 above each metro's typical day, this event handed the average affected resident ≈ 3.6 cigarettes. Across everyone living in the affected metros, that is the collective equivalent of ≈ 24 million cigarettes. An awareness illustration of outdoor exposure at 22 µg/m³ per cigarette (Berkeley Earth), counting only the event's ranked days; not a medical dose.
Why we think this happened
The supplied retained evidence supports fireworks for this event; no supplied evidence establishes membership in a broader time-bounded episode.
EPA monitor flag EPA attached an exceptional-event qualifier to the affected samples. The agency flagged the measurement itself; no separate agency record describes the event.
U.S. EPA Air Quality System and the submitting air monitoring agency · Jul 5, 2025 official
EPA AQS carries an agency-submitted informational qualifier (IH, Fireworks.) on 107 PM2.5 samples in the candidate CBSA on 2025-07-05, identifying fireworks as affecting the samples. An informational qualifier is an official submitting-agency flag, not a request for exclusion or an EPA-concurred determination.
U.S. EPA Air Quality System and the submitting air monitoring agency · Jul 5, 2025 official
EPA AQS carries an agency-submitted informational qualifier (IH, Fireworks.) on 44 PM2.5 samples in the candidate CBSA on 2025-07-05, identifying fireworks as affecting the samples. An informational qualifier is an official submitting-agency flag, not a request for exclusion or an EPA-concurred determination.
U.S. EPA Air Quality System and the submitting air monitoring agency · Jul 4, 2025 official
EPA AQS carries an agency-submitted informational qualifier (IH, Fireworks.) on 17 PM2.5 samples in the candidate CBSA on 2025-07-04, identifying fireworks as affecting the samples. An informational qualifier is an official submitting-agency flag, not a request for exclusion or an EPA-concurred determination.
See every retained source and limitation ↓
Sequence: Indianapolis (Jul 4) → Cincinnati (Jul 4) → Louisville/Jefferson County (Jul 5) → Dayton (Jul 5)
Evidence path
A cause is more convincing when the record connects three things: something happened, the air mass moved toward the region, and local instruments responded. Here is how much of that chain is documented for this event.
Source or mechanism
EPA AQS carries an agency-submitted informational qualifier (IH, Fireworks.) on 107 PM2.5 samples in the candidate CBSA on 2025-07-05, identifying fireworks as affecting the samples. An informational qualifier is an official submitting-agency flag,…
View supporting source ↗Air-mass movement
The retained record does not yet show how air traveled from the proposed source to these metros. A trajectory replay or dated plume analysis belongs here.
Local response
EPA monitors recorded the event across 4 metros. The peak daily concentration is roughly 3.7 cigarette-equivalents at the outdoor daily rate.
Inspect the pollutant and weather signals ↓Event autopsy
Before, during, and after the episode: nearby pollutant monitors and surface-weather stations show what changed. This context tests the “Fireworks” explanation; it does not assign the cause by itself.
Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN
Monitor comparison window 2025-07-01 to 2025-07-08 · PM2.5 target: Cincinnati Near Road
147% above nearby days
40% lower than surrounding days
72% higher than surrounding days
147% higher than surrounding days
72% higher than surrounding days
31% higher than surrounding days
52% higher than surrounding days
11% higher than surrounding days
About the same as surrounding days
About the same as surrounding days
About the same as surrounding days
About the same as surrounding days
40% lower than surrounding days
Indianapolis-Carmel-Anderson, IN
Monitor comparison window 2025-07-01 to 2025-07-08 · PM2.5 target: Indpls- W. 18th St./ Ernie Pyle School 90
301% above nearby days
9% lower than surrounding days
157% higher than surrounding days
301% higher than surrounding days
157% higher than surrounding days
16% higher than surrounding days
About the same as surrounding days
156% higher than surrounding days
7% higher than surrounding days
5% lower than surrounding days
About the same as surrounding days
About the same as surrounding days
9% lower than surrounding days
Dayton, OH
Monitor comparison window 2025-07-01 to 2025-07-08 · PM2.5 target: Sinclair
102% above nearby days
23% lower than surrounding days
77% higher than surrounding days
102% higher than surrounding days
77% higher than surrounding days
About the same as surrounding days
8% lower than surrounding days
About the same as surrounding days
About the same as surrounding days
About the same as surrounding days
About the same as surrounding days
23% lower than surrounding days
Louisville/Jefferson County, KY-IN
Monitor comparison window 2025-07-01 to 2025-07-08 · PM2.5 target: Durrett Lane (Near Road)
110% above nearby days
23% lower than surrounding days
24% higher than surrounding days
110% higher than surrounding days
24% higher than surrounding days
66% higher than surrounding days
31% higher than surrounding days
11% higher than surrounding days
8% higher than surrounding days
About the same as surrounding days
About the same as surrounding days
About the same as surrounding days
23% lower than surrounding days
Source: U.S. EPA AirData daily observations and, where available, nearby ASOS/AWOS surface observations. Values are descriptive medians over the retained monitor set; missing measurements remain missing. Transport and source evidence remain separate layers because this instrument pattern does not assign a cause by itself.
Episode peak
-- cigarettes
The smoke map's scale, replayed over this event: the surface interpolates between covered metros' daily records, framed to the affected region. Hover for a reading, click a metro to pin it to the card. Days a monitor did not report draw nothing.
Views from the selected metro
Select a metro on the map to see nearby cameras. Where an operator archive reaches the event, drag the divider to compare two moments, adjust either date and time, or play the available event-day frames. Camera imagery is visual context, not an air-quality measurement or proof of smoke.
No useful public camera views are currently available within 80 km of this metro.
| Metro | Peak PM2.5 | Cigarettes, whole event | Peak day | All-time standing |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indianapolis-Carmel-Anderson, IN | 82.1 µg/m³ | 6.5 | Jul 5, 2025 | #4 of its top days |
| Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN | 60 µg/m³ | 4.9 | Jul 5, 2025 | #3 of its top days |
| Louisville/Jefferson County, KY-IN | 58 µg/m³ | 2.6 | Jul 5, 2025 | #8 of its top days |
| Dayton, OH | 47 µg/m³ | 2.1 | Jul 5, 2025 | #18 of its top days |
"Cigarettes, whole event" totals a metro's ranked event days at 22 µg/m³ per cigarette: what a person outdoors there breathed across the event, as the illustration. "All-time standing" is where this episode's days sit in each metro's ranked record (worst-area measure, since 1999). Full local context is on each metro's Air Records page.
Public evidence library
Each card states what a source supports—and what it does not. Official records, research, reporting, community observations, and transparent inferences remain visibly different kinds of evidence.
AQS PM2.5 qualifier IH — Fireworks.
EPA AQS carries an agency-submitted informational qualifier (IH, Fireworks.) on 107 PM2.5 samples in the candidate CBSA on 2025-07-05, identifying fireworks as affecting the samples. An informational qualifier is an official submitting-agency flag, not a request for exclusion or an EPA-concurred determination.
AQS PM2.5 qualifier IH — Fireworks.
EPA AQS carries an agency-submitted informational qualifier (IH, Fireworks.) on 44 PM2.5 samples in the candidate CBSA on 2025-07-05, identifying fireworks as affecting the samples. An informational qualifier is an official submitting-agency flag, not a request for exclusion or an EPA-concurred determination.
AQS PM2.5 qualifier IH — Fireworks.
EPA AQS carries an agency-submitted informational qualifier (IH, Fireworks.) on 17 PM2.5 samples in the candidate CBSA on 2025-07-04, identifying fireworks as affecting the samples. An informational qualifier is an official submitting-agency flag, not a request for exclusion or an EPA-concurred determination.
AQS PM2.5 qualifier IH — Fireworks.
EPA AQS carries an agency-submitted informational qualifier (IH, Fireworks.) on 60 PM2.5 samples in the candidate CBSA on 2025-07-04, identifying fireworks as affecting the samples. An informational qualifier is an official submitting-agency flag, not a request for exclusion or an EPA-concurred determination.
IDEM forecasts Air Quality Action Day for July 4 in two Indiana regions
A local report relaying IDEM's July 4 forecast said stable conditions plus fireworks emissions could push central Indiana PM2.5 into the Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups range; this directly covers the Indianapolis member only.
EPA monitor flag EPA attached an exceptional-event qualifier to the affected samples. The agency flagged the measurement itself; no separate agency record describes the event.
This episode was grouped from the monitor record by the catalog pipeline and given its cause from the evidence listed above. It has not been individually reviewed and signed off, so its boundaries, cause, and name may change as evidence accumulates. Grouping policy common_sense_root_cause_grouping.v2. The cause label reflects the assembled evidence above, not an IAQng detection formula. If it is wrong, tell us.