Fireworks Documented
Daily PM2.5 peaked at 90.8 µg/m³ near Houston across 2 covered metros home to 10 million people. 2 metros placed a top-ten day in their record.
Counting the extra PM2.5 above each metro's typical day, this event handed the average affected resident ≈ 3.0 cigarettes. Across everyone living in the affected metros, that is the collective equivalent of ≈ 31 million cigarettes. An awareness illustration of outdoor exposure at 22 µg/m³ per cigarette (Berkeley Earth), counting only the event's ranked days; not a medical dose.
Why we think this happened
The official regional assessment says the Austin-area January 1 PM2.5 day was most likely due to New Year's Eve fireworks.
Documented An agency or publisher page assesses this cause, without an agency record naming the event or an EPA qualifier on the data.
Capital Area Council of Governments · Jul 31, 2020 official
The regional annual assessment states that January 1, 2019 was the sole Austin-area PM2.5 day rated unhealthy for sensitive groups and that it was most likely due to New Year’s Eve fireworks.
See every retained source and limitation ↓
Sequence: Houston (Jan 1) → Austin (Jan 1)
Evidence path
A cause is more convincing when the record connects three things: something happened, the air mass moved toward the region, and local instruments responded. Here is how much of that chain is documented for this event.
Source or mechanism
The regional annual assessment states that January 1, 2019 was the sole Austin-area PM2.5 day rated unhealthy for sensitive groups and that it was most likely due to New Year’s Eve fireworks.
View supporting source ↗Air-mass movement
The retained record does not yet show how air traveled from the proposed source to these metros. A trajectory replay or dated plume analysis belongs here.
Local response
EPA monitors recorded the event across 2 metros. The peak daily concentration is roughly 4.1 cigarette-equivalents at the outdoor daily rate.
Inspect the pollutant and weather signals ↓Event autopsy
Before, during, and after the episode: nearby pollutant monitors and surface-weather stations show what changed. This context tests the “Fireworks” explanation; it does not assign the cause by itself.
Austin-Round Rock, TX
Monitor comparison window 2018-12-29 to 2019-01-04 · PM2.5 target: Austin North Interstate 35
237% above nearby days
17% higher than surrounding days
About the same as surrounding days
237% higher than surrounding days
About the same as surrounding days
31% lower than surrounding days
45% lower than surrounding days
5% lower than surrounding days
About the same as surrounding days
17% higher than surrounding days
Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, TX
Monitor comparison window 2018-12-29 to 2019-01-04 · PM2.5 target: Houston East
535% above nearby days
About the same as surrounding days
153% higher than surrounding days
535% higher than surrounding days
153% higher than surrounding days
About the same as surrounding days
1943% higher than surrounding days
82% higher than surrounding days
About the same as surrounding days
About the same as surrounding days
10% higher than surrounding days
About the same as surrounding days
Source: U.S. EPA AirData daily observations and, where available, nearby ASOS/AWOS surface observations. Values are descriptive medians over the retained monitor set; missing measurements remain missing. Transport and source evidence remain separate layers because this instrument pattern does not assign a cause by itself.
Episode peak
-- cigarettes
The smoke map's scale, replayed over this event: the surface interpolates between covered metros' daily records, framed to the affected region. Hover for a reading, click a metro to pin it to the card. Days a monitor did not report draw nothing.
Views from the selected metro
Select a metro on the map to see nearby cameras. Where an operator archive reaches the event, drag the divider to compare two moments, adjust either date and time, or play the available event-day frames. Camera imagery is visual context, not an air-quality measurement or proof of smoke.
No useful public camera views are currently available within 80 km of this metro.
| Metro | Peak PM2.5 | Cigarettes, whole event | Peak day | All-time standing |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, TX | 90.8 µg/m³ | 4.1 | Jan 1, 2019 | #3 of its top days |
| Austin-Round Rock, TX | 41 µg/m³ | 1.9 | Jan 1, 2019 | #10 of its top days |
"Cigarettes, whole event" totals a metro's ranked event days at 22 µg/m³ per cigarette: what a person outdoors there breathed across the event, as the illustration. "All-time standing" is where this episode's days sit in each metro's ranked record (worst-area measure, since 1999). Full local context is on each metro's Air Records page.
Public evidence library
Each card states what a source supports—and what it does not. Official records, research, reporting, community observations, and transparent inferences remain visibly different kinds of evidence.
2019 Air Quality Report for the Austin-Round Rock-Georgetown Metropolitan Statistical Area
The regional annual assessment states that January 1, 2019 was the sole Austin-area PM2.5 day rated unhealthy for sensitive groups and that it was most likely due to New Year’s Eve fireworks.
Cited authorities: Capital Area Council of Governments
Documented An agency or publisher page assesses this cause, without an agency record naming the event or an EPA qualifier on the data.
This episode was grouped from the monitor record by the catalog pipeline and given its cause from the evidence listed above. It has not been individually reviewed and signed off, so its boundaries, cause, and name may change as evidence accumulates. Grouping policy common_sense_root_cause_grouping.v2. The cause label reflects the assembled evidence above, not an IAQng detection formula. If it is wrong, tell us.